In Germany, an Ad Hoc Working Group1 has issued indoor air guideline
values since 1993. These are toxicologically based values for individual chemical
compounds or compound groups. These guideline values can be used to assess indoor air
testing results in terms of their relevance to health. After having published hardly
more than 10 such guideline values until 2007, now a total of 36 guideline values for volatile
organic compounds have been released until June 2013.2 For the majority of compounds measurable
in indoor air, however, the uncertainty of evaluation remains.
For the assessment of indoor air contaminants, the Ad Hoc Working Group suggests a ranking scheme, whereby
toxicologically derived guideline values and preliminary statistical estimates are applied to individual
compounds and the TVOC. Statistically derived parameters should be updated as timely as possible to reflect
the current spectrum of compounds in a given indoor space.3
Based on their decades-long testing experience, the members of the Association of Ecological Research Institutes (AGÖF)
have developed a knowledge base about the presence of VOCs and health and odor problems associated with them. To assist
in the assessment of indoor air measurements, statistically derived attention values were determined for indoor air; and for
the first time in 2004, they were presented to peers in Germany as the AGÖF Guidance Values.4 The guidance values allow
classifying testing results according to their statistical probability; consequently, their relevance can also be weighted
when searching for causes of health complaints. However, it is not possible to use the guidance values for evaluating a specific
health risk.
The publication attracted great interest and formed the basis of a Federal Environment Agency-supported AGÖF research project
with the title "Provision of a Database for the Presence of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air".5 From the
results of this research project, AGÖF presented a revised edition of its guidance values for over 150 volatile compounds in the fall
of 2007 and also made them available on the AGÖF home page. In addition to statistical parameters such as sampling size,
the 50th and 90th percentile, the very detailed table also provided the guidance value. It is this guidance
value that indicates the threshold, above which the indoor air concentration of a compound must be considered a problem based on
statistical significance or toxicological knowledge.
Ever since experts, consultants, and others have frequently used the guidance values, which quickly have become an effective
tool for assessing the hygienic quality of indoor air.
In 2012 another AGÖF research project6, which again was financially supported by the Federal Environment Agency, was
launched to update the AGÖF Guidance Values. The update includes statistical data from 4846 data sets, which had been collected
by AGÖF institutes as part of their routine assessments between 2006 and 2012.
Still in actualization are the "AGÖF-Orientierungswerte für mittel- und
schwerflüchtige organische Verbindungen und Schwermetalle im Hausstaub [AGÖF
Guidance Values for semivolatile organic compounds and heavy metals in household dust]",
the provisional German edition
from the year 2007 can be found here.
For the assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOC)7, there are mainly two types of assessment guidelines that have gained relevance:
It should be noted here that there are also pragmatic or precaution-based assessment concepts such as
the ALARA principle8, which, among others, is used in radiation safety or even for setting exposure limits
for pesticides in drinking water based on the limit of quantification.
Assessment concepts are based on conventions, which are meant to reflect a scientific sociopolitical consensus.
Toxicologically derived assessments result in guideline values that are meant to answer health-related questions.
In experiments, laboratory animals are exposed to different concentration levels of a compound in order to find the
concentration level, at which observable effects are not triggered. An alternative approach to the development of guideline
values is based on the observations from occupational studies, in which employees are exposed to relatively high concentrations.
In order to evaluate the effects of low-emission indoor exposures in susceptible population groups (infants, sick people),
so-called uncertainty factors are applied. A detailed discussion about how the guideline values of the so-called
Ad-hoc-AG [Ad Hoc Working Group] were derived was published in 1996.9
With a toxicological approach, it remains open to what extent nonspecific health symptoms such as headaches, concentration problems,
etc. can be recognized in animal experiments or investigations of laboratory workplaces. The health problems that are most
frequently mentioned in the context of indoor air problems are nonspecific symptoms. Furthermore, indoor air usually contains
compound mixtures that cannot be evaluated by toxicological reasoning alone. The definition of uncertainty factors, e.g. a factor
of one hundred, cannot be justified anymore by toxicological reasoning and is based on conventions. The rather high cost of
generating toxicological data is an important reason why there are only such a small number of guideline values available. This
approach is not adequate for establishing verified assessments for the myriad of chemical compounds occurring in indoor air.
However, it is an important tool for answering questions regarding threats to public health.
In the statistically derived assessment concept, reference values are developed. From a large number of representative
investigations, a "usual, average" level of indoor air pollutants is established and defined as "normal." In
many cases, the so-called 90th or 95th percentile is chosen as the concentration threshold, whereby any value exceeding the latter
indicates an unusual exposure.10 11 12
Based on the available frequency distribution, AGÖF sets the 90th percentile of the measurement values for event-
specific data as the upper reference value because this can be interpreted as the upper limit of the background level deemed as
safe. 13
With regard to new chemical compounds or compound groups released into indoor air, no reference values will be available at first.
In the event of an increased application of known compound groups due to a change in production (e.g. when solvents in paints were
replaced), established reference values can also consistently be exceeded. Updating the reference values on a regular basis can
counteract both occurrences.
Toxicologically and statistically derived concepts need to respond to a changing environment. New medical and toxicological
knowledge helps keep the toxicological approach up to date. In case of the statistically derived values, changes in VOC
concentrations in indoor air, which are associated with new product formulas and consumer habits, need to be tested.
A complete and user-specific assessment of indoor air problems needs to rely on both concepts. Only by considering statistical
relationships as well as toxicological data, health risks can be weighted and the sources of indoor air problems identified. Odor
problems, however, are not satisfactorily addressed by either one of the two concepts.
From testing experiences, it is known that, depending on the problem and situation, both assessment guidelines are important and
need to be utilized by the professional indoor air consultant with different weighting strategies. Additional guidelines or
assessment tools such as the TVOC concept, information on odors and the consultant’s personal experience complement both. It is the
consultant’s responsibility to apply and weight the various assessment guidelines and to present his or her reasoning in a clear
and comprehensible manner in a report.
The reasons why indoor air is tested for volatile organic compounds can often vary greatly, and sometimes the given problems can be
intricately complex. Therefore, it is also an important task of the consultant to first define the scope of the assessment in
consultation with the client and, based on this definition, to then coordinate the necessary measurement and assessment
strategy.
The published AGÖF Guidance Values below support consultants in their work. On the one hand, they represent an up-to-date
compendium of statistical reference values, and beyond that, they also show toxicologically relevant guideline values of other
authors. Thus they contribute to promoting preventive healthcare.
The currently available guidance values are based on an updated database from the years 2006 through 2012, which was generated as
part of the research project "Conflict of Goals between Energy-efficient Buildings and Good Indoor Air Quality—Data Collection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air of Residential and Office Buildings (solution-based strategies)]". Sample taking
procedures and methods will only be summarized here. For more detailed information, see the project reports.14
For sample taking, the procedures set out in the VDI Guideline 4300 Sheet 1 and Sheet 6 were followed, most of which were adopted
into DIN EN ISO 16000. In general, samples were taken after a space had not been ventilated for a minimum of eight hours because
this type of sample taking leads to the most reproducible results. Active sampling techniques were used to collect air samples. In
addition to thermal desorption techniques, methods based on solvent desorption (activated carbon or Anasorb) with the corresponding
set of two samples for analyzing compounds with different polarity were also permitted for identification. In the analysis of the
desorbent compounds, mostly gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector was used, but in some cases flame ionization and
electron capture detectors were also used.
In addition, data on aldehyde and ketone concentrations were also collected, samples were taken with impingers (formaldehyde) and
DNPH-based methods and analyses were performed (desorption with acetonitrile, analysis based on high-pressure liquid chromatography
with UV detector), as well as flame retardant concentrations from the adsorption on PU foam and GC/MS analysis.
For the detection of low molecular alkanoic acids, Tenax is not the optimal adsorption medium. Due to their high polarity, false low
readings must be assumed. It is, therefore, recommended to use special procedures such as derivatization/GC/MS or ion chromatography.
However, we do not have sufficient measurement results yet for these procedures to be able to set any reference values.
To ensure quality of the various analytical methods, the participants of the research project conducted comparative laboratory
measurements15 over the past years.
The list of AGÖF Guidance Values contains more than 300 individual compounds. It also includes compounds that go beyond the TVOC
range (C6 to C16), but which were detected with the above-mentioned methods and are relevant to the assessment.
In contrast, compounds and compound groups that have their own analytical method and require considerably lower limits of
quantification such as additional phenols, chlorophenols, MVOCs, and PAHs were not included because they would require separate
assessments.
For each compound, the statistical parameters of sampling size (n), 50th percentile (P 50), and 90th percentile
(P 90) are listed with reference to the findings of the most current AGÖF research project. The parameters were derived by
considering concentrations below the limit of quantification with the imputed one-half of the limit of quantification. Should the
value calculated in this way fall below the limit of quantification, the corresponding percentile value of the limit of
quantification is given with the sign "<".
In addition to the statistically derived percentiles, guidance values are only provided for those compounds for which a sufficiently
large number of reliable measurement values were available. The guidance values were rounded (less than 10 with 2 significant figures
and from 10 only whole numbers). When both the normal value and the attention value were below the limit of quantification, no
guidance value was set.
For numerous compounds, the normal value and the attention value were below the limit of quantification. Detecting those compounds
above the limit of quantification may already indicate an unusual level. Even compounds whose indoor air concentrations were in most
cases below the limit of quantification may in selected cases reach high or assessment-relevant levels.
In most cases, the AGÖF guidance values correspond with the attention value and thus with the 90th percentile. The statistical
analysis of the AGÖF data show that the 95th percentile is more heavily influenced by the random nature of a given
measurement situation.
The guidance values for the parameters formaldehyde and TVOC were lowered in relation to their attention value because in event-
specific measurements targeted at individual parameters (individual compound or a sum total value, respectively) concentrations are
higher than when measuring individual compounds as part of screenings.
The statistical analysis of the TVOC value corresponds with the TVOC value that is determined for the retention range of n-hexane to
n-hexadecane by taking the sum of compound-specific quantifiable bonds and additional bonds via toluene equivalents.
The list below should not be misunderstood as if all listed compounds would have to be tested for at all times. For each situation,
the consultant will have to make a suitable selection, which may include selected individual compounds from this AGÖF list but also
additional compounds not listed here. Even if the quantification of a large number of compounds is desirable in many cases, the
number of compounds is not the only crucial factor. It is very important that procedures are used that can detect relevant and
potential exposure levels beyond the known or compound-specific, quantifiable spectrum of compounds, respectively.
As part of the research project16, the major reasons for indoor air investigations were identified (see Figure 1). Odors, health complaints, and suspicions of exposure are the most frequently named reasons for indoor air investigations. A noticeable or unpleasant odor is the reason for 26% of the indoor air investigations conducted by AGÖF institutes. In addition to other not further specified reasons, 15% of the measurements are carried out as final measurements prior to release or acceptance of a new or restored building.
Graph 1: Reasons for Indoor Air Investigations 2006 – 2012 (n=6624)
This high percentage of odor-related investigations shows that the measurement and assessment of odors in indoor spaces has
great priority.
In contrast to volatile organic compounds, however, there are no proven chemical-analytical testing methods for odors in indoor
spaces. For the assessment of odors, concepts based on individual compounds are often not sufficient. It is, therefore, important to
fall back on other procedures such as establishing odor values or sensory procedures.
Even though it is possible to chemically analyze some odors in indoor air with sufficient detection sensitivity, common odors are
often caused by a complex mixture of several sometimes hundreds of individual compounds. Many of these compounds can already be
perceived at concentrations of only a few nanograms per cubic meter of air, but analytically they are hardly detectable. When
assessments are based on odor thresholds, it is important to consider that aromatic compounds interact with each other in mixtures.
Interactions such as synergisms can have a substantial impact on the odor characteristics of compound mixtures.
The quality of existing odor threshold levels varies. Alongside up-to-date odor threshold levels established by well-documented
procedures, there are also rather old odor threshold levels in the literature that were established by incompatible methods. For
many indoor air pollutants, we lack the data of their odor threshold levels. In many cases, it is also unclear whether the provided
data refers to the odor threshold or the odor detection threshold level. Therefore, the chemical analysis of odor-intensive
compounds in indoor air is often not sufficient to fully capture and expertly assess odor problems. The AGÖF is convinced that it is
very important to establish odor threshold values for additional compounds. The pollutant exposure profile of indoor air is subject
to constant changes and for many volatile organic compounds that have only been recently detected in indoor air very little
information is available. The List of AGÖF Guidance Values reflects the currently available exposure profile of indoor air
conditions and thus is also very well suited as a priority list for identifying odor threshold levels.
In many cases, VOC measurements are not sufficient for clarifying odor problems in indoor spaces. Since odor nuisances often occur
at very low concentration levels and can be caused by the interaction of different compounds, their detection through physical-
chemical measurement procedures is extremely costly or simply impossible. Therefore, it may prove necessary to include olfactory-
sensory procedures. Sensory methods that use the human nose as a measurement instrument can detect odors at sufficiently low levels.
However, the same compound at the exact same level is perceived differently by different individuals. Furthermore, odor perceptions
are interpreted in the brain and, based on past experience, are assessed differently by different individuals. For an objective
measurement, therefore, it is important to ensure that the range of odor perception levels among the inspectors corresponds with the
odor threshold distribution in the population. For more information, see the AGÖF Guideline "Odors in Indoor Spaces—Sensory
Detection and Assessment".17
Column 1: Name of chemical compound
Column 2: CAS number
Column 3: Number n
It provides the number of data values the statistical analysis is based on.
Column 4: Normal value P 50
The normal value represents the "average" exposure situation in a given group. It is equivalent to the 50th percentile.
Even indoor air concentrations within the normal-value range are usually the result of one or several emission sources, but in
general, it is not considered sufficient evidence for an urgent call to action to minimize the exposure.
Column 5: Attention value P 90
The attention value refers to the 90th percentile value. It shows that common indoor air concentrations are exceeded and thus
indicates that a respective emission source must exist.
Column 6: AGÖF guidance value
The guidance value is equivalent to the rounded attention value or the toxicologically derived values, provided that the latter
are below the attention value.
It is the opinion of the AGÖF that whenever a guidance value is reached or exceeded, it should be checked whether additional
preventive actions are called for to minimize VOC exposures even further. Its relevance to health and the necessity for
remediation should also be reviewed. The extent and procedure of the testing must as far as possible be left to the expert’s
judgment. In addition to the local conditions during testing, there should also be attention paid to the fact that:
Column 7: Notes
In this column, relevant notes are provided on additional assessment guidelines for individual compounds or compound groups such
as toxicological reference values (GV II and GV I) of the so-called Ad-hoc-AG and additional reference values of other agencies or
individual authors. Notes regarding compound characteristics, which may be relevant to the assessment, are also included.
The AGÖF is dedicated to up-to-date information; when in doubt, however, the up-to-dateness of a given guideline value should be
checked at the link listed or the original paper, respectively.
Notes:
1Ad-hoc-Arbeitsgruppe [Ad Hoc Working Group]" with experts
from the "Innenraumlufthygiene-Kommission (IRK) [Indoor Air Hygiene
Commission]" of the Federal Environment Agency and the Indoor Air Working
Group of the Environmental Health Committee of the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft
der Obersten Landesgesundheitsbehörden (AOLG) [Working Group of the State-Level
Health Authorities]
2
https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/gesundheit/kommissionen-arbeitsgruppen/kommission-innenraumlufthygiene/empfehlungen-richtwerte-der-kommission
3Working Group of UBA and AGLMB (2007): Beurteilung von Innenraumluftkontaminationen mittels Referenz- und Richtwerten
[Assessment of indoor air contaminations through reference and guideline values]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 7, p. 990-1005
4AGÖF (2004): AGÖF-Orientierungswerte für Inhaltsstoffe von Raumluft und Hausstaub [AGÖF guidance values for constituents
of indoor air and house dust]. 7th Expert Conference at Munich. p. 24-39
5 5Hofmann H, Plieninger P (2008): Bereitstellung einer Datenbank zum Vorkommen von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen in
der Innenraumluft [Provision of a Database for the Presence of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air]. WaBoLu-Hefte 05/08
Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau Available at:
https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/bereitstellung-einer-datenbank-vorkommen-von
6UFOPLAN Project FKZ 3709 62 211: Zielkonflikt
energieeffiziente Bauweise und gute Raumluftqualität - Datenerhebung für
flüchtige organische Verbindungen in der Raumluft von Wohn- und Bürogebäuden (Lösungswege) [Conflict of Goals between Energy-
efficient Buildings and Good Indoor Air Quality Data Collection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air of Residential and
Office Buildings (solution-based strategies)]
7In this document, the AGÖF uses a somewhat extended definition of VOC; all chemical compounds that can be identified
with the analytical procedures listed in chapter 3 are in first approximation defined as volatile, regardless whether according to
WHO conventions they would more likely be regarded as "very volatile", "volatile", or "semivolatile".
8ALARA = As Low As Reasonable Achievable
9Ad hoc Working Group of UBA and AGLMB (1996): Richtwerte für die Innenraumluft: Basisschema [Indoor air guideline values:
basic scheme]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 39, p. 422-426
10Solberg HE (1987) International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Scientific Committee, Clinical Section, Expert
Panel on Theory of Reference Values. Approved recommendation (1986) on the theory of reference values. Part 1. The concept of
reference values. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 25, p. 336-42
11Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (Ed.) (2005): Innenraumarbeitsplätze - Vorgehensempfehlung für die
Ermittlungen zum Arbeitsumfeld [Indoor workplaces - Precautionary recommendations for the investigations of work environments]
12Neumann HD, Buxtrup M, Weber M et al. (2012): Vorschlag zur Ableitung von Innenraumarbeitsplatz-Referenzwerten in
Schulen [Recommendation for adjusting indoor workplace reference values for use in school environments]. Gefahrstoffe – Reinhaltung
der Luft 72, p. 291-297 Available at http://www.
dguv.de/medien/ifa/de/pub/grl/pdf/2012_106.pdf
13LABO (BUND-LÄNDER-ARBEITSGEMEINSCHAFT BODENSCHUTZ) (2003): Hintergrundwerte für anorganische und organische Stoffe in
Böden [Background levels of inorganic and organic compounds in soils]. Beschlussfassung der 33. StäA4-Sitzung 29./30.1.2003. - 58 p.
Quoted according to LfU Bayern Bavarian Environment Agency). 2013. Was sind Hintergrundwerte genau [What exactly are background
levels] – Available at https://www.lfu.bayern.de/
boden/hintergrundwerte/index.htm
14Available at
https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/bereitstellung-einer-datenbank-vorkommen-von
15
AGÖF-Laborvergleichsmessungen [AGÖF comparative laboratory measurements]
16UFOPLAN Project FKZ 3709 62 211: Zielkonflikt
energieeffiziente Bauweise und gute Raumluftqualität - Datenerhebung für flüchtige organische Verbindungen in der Raumluft von Wohn-
und Bürogebäuden (Lösungswege) [Conflict of Goals between Energy-efficient Buildings and Good Indoor Air Quality Data Collection
of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air of Residential and Office Buildings (solution-based strategies)]
17
AGÖF-Geruchsleitfaden [AGÖF Odour Guide]
Chemical Compound (Synonym) | CAS | n | Normal Value P 50 [µg/m3] |
Attention Value P 90 [µg/m3] |
Guidance Value [µg/m3] |
Notes (see chapter 6.1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons | ||||||
n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 3598 | 1.8 | 8.0 | 8.0 | |
2-Methylpentane | 107-83-5 | 1734 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | |
3-Methylpentane | 96-14-0 | 1753 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |
n-Heptane | 142-82-5 | 3624 | 2.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | |
2-Methylhexane | 591-76-4 | 1196 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |
3-Methylhexane | 589-34-4 | 1832 | 1.0 | 6.3 | 6.3 | |
2,3-Dimethylpentane | 565-59-3 | 750 | <1 | 4.4 | 4.4 | |
n-Octane | 111-65-9 | 3616 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
2-Methylheptane | 592-27-8 | 738 | <1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
3-Methylheptane | 589-81-1 | 706 | <1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane) | 540-84-1 | 2952 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
n-Nonane | 111-84-2 | 3626 | <1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | Ad-hoc-AG: : Sum total of
aliphatics C9-C14 GV I = 0.2mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 |
2,3-Dimethylheptane | 3074-71-3 | 1123 | <1 | <1 | ||
n-Decane | 124-18-5 | 3627 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 11 | |
n-Undecane | 1120-21-4 | 3624 | 2.0 | 14.0 | 14 | |
n-Dodecane | 112-40-3 | 3625 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | |
2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane | 13475-82-6 | 2943 | <1 | 4.8 | 4.8 | |
n-Tridecane | 629-50-5 | 3624 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
n-Tetradecane | 629-59-4 | 3626 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |
n-Pentadecane | 629-62-9 | 3622 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
n-Hexadecane | 544-76-3 | 3615 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane | 4390-04-9 | 2826 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
n-Heptadecane | 629-78-7 | 2292 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
n-Octadecane | 593-45-3 | 2276 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
n-Nonadecane | 629-92-5 | 2279 | <1 | <1 | ||
n-Eicosane | 112-95-8 | 2233 | <1 | <1 | ||
n-Heneicosane | 629-94-7 | 1186 | <1 | <1 | ||
n-Docosane | 629-97-0 | 1185 | <1 | <1 |
Cycloalkanes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyclopentane | 287-92-3 | 965 | <1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |
Cyclohexane | 110-82-7 | 3606 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | BWG: pGV I = 400µg/m3; pGV II = 4000µg/m3 |
Methylcyclopentane | 96-37-7 | 3633 | <1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Methylcyclohexane | 108-87-2 | 3642 | <1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |
Dimethylcyclohexane | 589-90-2 | 791 | <1 | <1 | ||
trans-Decahydronaphthalene | 493-02-7 | 986 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Decalin | 91-17-8 | 640 | <2 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
Alkenes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Heptene | 592-76-7 | 1109 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
1-Octene | 111-66-0 | 3438 | <1.5 | <2 | ||
1-Nonene | 124-11-8 | 1849 | <2 | <2 | ||
1-Decene | 872-05-9 | 3440 | <1.5 | <2 | ||
1-Undecene | 821-95-4 | 1828 | <1.5 | <2 | ||
1-Dodecene | 112-41-4 | 1207 | <2 | <2 | ||
1-Tridecene | 2437-56-1 | 1141 | <2 | <2 | ||
1-Propene, 2-methyl-, trimer (Triisobutylene) | 7756-94-7 | 2970 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
Cyclohexene | 110-83-8 | 964 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
4-Vinylcyclohexene | 100-40-3 | 2961 | <1 | <1 | ||
4-Phenylcyclohexene | 4994-16-5 | 3584 | <1 | <1 |
Aromatic Hydrocarbons | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benzene | 71-43-2 | 3647 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | Carcinogen (Category 1A) 39. BImSchV: limit values for ambient air: 5µg/m3 WHO: „no safe level” |
Toluene | 108-88-3 | 3664 | 7.0 | 30.0 | 30 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I = 0.3mg/m3; GV II = 3mg/m3 BWG: Sum total of C1-C4 alkylbenzenes pGV I = 300µg/m3; pGV II = 3000µg/m3 BMLFUW: WIR = 75µg/m3 WHO: GV = 260µg/m3 (toxicity); GV = 1.000 µg/m3 (odor) |
Ethylbenzene | 100-41-4 | 3652 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 10 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I = 0,2mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 BWG: Sum total of C1-C4 alkylbenzenes pGV I = 300µg/m3; pGV II = 3000µg/m3 |
m,p-Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 3650 | 3.0 | 29.0 | 29 | BWG: Sum total of C1-C4
alkylbenzenes pGV I = 300µg/m3; pGV II = 3000µg/m3 |
o-Xylene | 95-47-6 | 3643 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | |
n-Propylbenzene | 103-65-1 | 3639 | <1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
C9-C15 alkylbenzenes: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 1mg/m3 BWG: Sum total of C1-C4 alkylbenzenes pGV I = 300µg/m3; pGV II = 3000µg/m3 |
1-Methylethylbenzene (Cumene) | 98-82-8 | 3635 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
2-Methylethylbenzene (2-Ethyltoluene) | 611-14-3 | 3608 | <1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
3-Methylethylbenzene (3-Ethyltoluene) | 620-14-4 | 1826 | 1.0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | |
4-Methylethylbenzene (4-Ethyltoluene) | 622-96-8 | 1815 | <1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
3/4-Ethyltoluene | 620-14-4/ 622-96-8 |
1195 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene (Hemimellitene) | 526-73-8 | 3607 | <1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | |
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Pseudocumene) | 95-63-6 | 3639 | 1.0 | 10.9 | 11 | |
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (Mesitylene) | 108-67-8 | 3640 | <1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
n-Butylbenzene | 104-51-8 | 2462 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene (Durene) | 95-93-2 | 2842 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene (Isodurene) | 527-53-7 | 1704 | <1 | <1 | ||
o-Cymene | 527-84-4 | 1125 | <1 | <1 | ||
m-Cymene | 535-77-3 | 1125 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
p-Cymene | 99-87-6 | 3618 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
1,3-Dimethyl-5-ethylbenzene | 934-74-7 | 940 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
1,3-Diisopropylbenzene | 99-62-7 | 1380 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
C9-C15 alkylbenzenes: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 1mg/m3 |
|
1,4-Diisopropylbenzene | 100-18-5 | 1380 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,3-/1,4-Diisopropylbenzene | 99-62-7 / 100-18-5 |
1074 | <1 | <1 | ||
n-Octylbenzene (Phenyloctane) | 2189-60-8 | 615 | <1 | <1 | ||
Styrene | 100-42-5 | 3652 | 1.0 | 12.0 | 12 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I =0.03mg/m3; GV II = 0.3mg/m3 BMLFUW: WIR = 40µg/m3 WHO: GV = 260µg/m3 (toxicity); GV = 30µg/m3 (odors) |
Methylstyrene | 98-83-9 | 1453 | <1 | <3 | ||
2-Vinyltoluene (o-Vinyltoluene) | 611-15-4 | 964 | <1 | <1 | ||
3-Vinyltoluene | 100-80-1 | 964 | <1 | <1 | ||
4-Vinyltoluene | 622-97-9 | 964 | <1 | <1 | ||
Vinyltoluene | 25013-15-4 | 615 | <1 | <1 | ||
Phenylacetylene | 536-74-3 | 1579 | <1 | <1 | ||
Phenol | 108-95-2 | 2598 | <1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I =0,02mg/m3; GV II = 0,2mg/m3 |
2-Cresol (o-Cresol) | 95-48-7 | 465 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of cresols:
GV I = 0.005mg/m3; GV II = 0.05mg/m3 |
|
m-,p-Cresol | 108-39-4/ 106-44-5 |
464 | <1 | <1 | ||
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT) | 128-37-0 | 2641 | <1 | <1 | ||
Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 3619 | <1 | 1.2 | 1.2 [Anm. 1] |
Carcinogen (K2) Ad-hoc-AG: GV I = 0.01mg/m3; GV II = 0.03mg/m3 WHO: maximum annual average concentration 0.01mg/m3 BUI: Sum total of PAHs including toxicity factors |
1-Methylnaphthalene | 90-12-0 | 1124 | <0.1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
bicyclic and tricyclic hydrocarbons: (p)GV I = 0.01mg/m3; (p)GV II = 0.03mg/m3 |
|
2-Methylnaphthalene | 91-57-6 | 1124 | <0.1 | <1 | ||
Diisopropylnaphthalene | 38640-62-9 | 1166 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene | 119-64-2 | 1231 | <0.1 | <1 | ||
Indene | 95-13-6 | 619 | <1 | <1 | ||
Indan | 496-11-7 | 2204 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Halocarbons | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trichloromethane | 67-66-3 | 1155 | <1 | <1 | ||
Carbon tetrachloride | 56-23-5 | 1863 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
1,2-Ethylene dichloride | 107-06-2 | 2061 | <1 | <1 | ||
Epichlorohydrin | 106-89-8 | 1187 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methylchloroform) | 71-55-6 | 3614 | <1 | <1 | ||
Trichloroethylene | 79-01-6 | 2501 | <1 | <1 | Carcinogen (Category 1B) WHO: „no safe level” |
|
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) | 127-18-4 | 3615 | <1 | <1 | 2. BImSchV: 0.1mg/m3
WHO: GV = 250µg/m3 BMLFUW: WIR = 250µg/m3 |
|
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 156-59-2 | 1102 | <1 | <1 | ||
Chlorobenzene | 108-90-7 | 1099 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,2-Dichlorobenzene | 95-50-1 | 2718 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,3-Dichlorobenzene | 541-73-1 | 2713 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,4-Dichlorobenzene | 106-46-7 | 3548 | <1 | <1 | ||
1-Chloronaphthalene | 90-13-1 | 1972 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Chloronaphthalene | 91-58-7 | 1281 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,4-Dichloronaphthalene | 1825-31-6 | 1134 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,5-Dichloronaphthalene | 1825-30-5 | 961 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol | 96-23-1 | 1826 | <1 | <1 |
Alcohols | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Propanol | 71-23-8 | 1086 | <1 | 18.0 | 18 | |
2-Propanol (Isopropyl alcohol) | 67-63-0 | 1835 | 20.0 | 91.4 | 91 | |
1-Butanol | 71-36-3 | 3556 | 8.0 | 35.0 | 35 | |
2-Methyl-1-propanol (Isobutyl alcohol) | 78-83-1 | 3393 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 10 | |
t-Butyl alcohol | 75-65-0 | 627 | <1 | <1 | ||
1-Pentanol (Amyl alcohol) | 71-41-0 | 2459 | <1 | 5.4 | 5.4 | |
2-Pentanol | 6032-29-7 | 203 | 0.4 | <1 | ||
3-Methyl-1-butanol (Isoamyl alcohol) | 123-51-3 | 849 | <1.5 | <1.5 | ||
1-Hexanol | 111-27-3 | 2455 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
1-Heptanol | 111-70-6 | 1759 | <1 | <1 | ||
1-Octanol | 111-87-5 | 1936 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Ethylhexanol (2-Ethyl-1-hexyl alcohol) | 104-76-7 | 3592 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 13 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I = 0.1mg/m3; pGV II = 1mg/m3 |
1-Nonanol | 143-08-8 | 1759 | <1 | <1 | ||
1-Decanol | 112-30-1 | 2397 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
Cyclohexanol | 108-93-0 | 617 | <1 | <1 | ||
1-Octen-3-ol | 3391-86-4 | 792 | <0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
Benzyl alcohol | 100-51-6 | 3311 | <1 | 4.6 | 4.6 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I = 0.4mg/m3; GV II = 4mg/m3 |
Diacetone alcohol | 123-42-2 | 632 | <1 | <1 |
Terpenes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
alpha-Pinene | 80-56-8 | 3591 | 4.0 | 68.0 | 68 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of bicyclic terpenes
GV I = 0.2mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 |
beta-Pinene | 127-91-3 | 3593 | 1.0 | 8.7 | 8.7 | |
3-Carene ((+-)-delta3-Carene) | 13466-78-9 | 3574 | 1.0 | 25.9 | 26 | |
Limonene | 138-86-3 | 3648 | 4.0 | 23.0 | 23 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of monocyclic terpenes
GV I = 1mg/m3; GV II = 10mg/m3 |
Linalool (beta-Linalool) | 78-70-6 | 2709 | <1 | <1 | ||
Camphor | 76-22-2 | 2854 | <1 | <1.5 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of bicyclic terpenes
GV I = 0.2mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 |
|
Camphene | 79-92-5 | 2320 | <1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | |
Eucalyptol | 470-82-6 | 2859 | <1 | <2 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of monocyclic terpenes
GV I = 1mg/m3; GV II = 10mg/m3 |
|
Racementhol (Menthol) | 89-78-1 | 1756 | <1 | <1 | ||
alpha-Terpinene | 99-86-5 | 3312 | <1 | <1.5 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of monocyclic terpenes
GV I = 1mg/m3; GV II = 10mg/m3 |
|
gamma-Terpinene | 99-85-4 | 712 | <1,5 | <1,5 | ||
Longicyclene | 1137-12-8 | 651 | <1 | <1 | ||
Borneol | 507-70-0 | 2134 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of bicyclic terpenes
GV I = 0.2mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 |
|
Isolongifolene | 1135-66-6 | 2218 | <1 | <1,5 | ||
Longifolene | 475-20-7 | 3437 | <1 | 2,0 | 2.0 | |
Levoverbenone | 1196-01-6 | 2122 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of bicyclic terpenes
GV I = 0.2mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 |
|
Caryophyllene (beta-Caryophyllene) | 87-44-5 | 1750 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
Citronellol | 106-22-9 | 1607 | <1 | <2 | ||
Myrcene | 123-35-3 | 1383 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
alpha-Phellandrene | 99-83-2 | 416 | <1 | <1 | ||
(6Z)-beta-Farnesene | 28973-97-9 | 416 | <1 | <1 | ||
alpha-Longipinene | 5989-08-2 | 416 | <1 | <1 | ||
alpha-Terpineol | 98-55-5 | 988 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Aldehydes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 2035 | 35.0 | 81.0 | 30* [NB 2,3] |
Carcinogen (Category 2)
[NB 4] BGA: 0.1 ppm (≡ 120µg/m3) Sagunski: pGV I = 0.03mg/m3; pGV II = 0.1mg/m3[NB 3] WHO: Maximum guideline value of 0.1 mg/m3 as a 30-minute average *Under user conditions |
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 911 | 20.0 | 54.0 | 54 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 1mg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): Sum total of C3-C6 n-aldehydes GV = 60ppb |
Propionaldehyde (Propanal) | 123-38-6 | 891 | 4.0 | 14.0 | 14 | BWG: pGV I = 20µg/m3 BWG: Sum total of C3-C6 alkanals: pGV I = 100µg/m3; pGV II = 1000µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): Sum total of C2-C10 n-aldehydes GV = 60ppb |
Butyraldehyde (Butanal) | 123-72-8 | 2948 | 2.0 | 10.0 | 10 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 BWG: pGV I = 10µg/m3 BWG: Sum total of C3-C6 alkanals: pGV I =100µg/m3; pGV II = 1000µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): GV = 44µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): Sum total of C2-C10 n-aldehydes GV = 60ppb |
Pentanal (Valeraldehyde) | 110-62-3 | 3698 | 4.0 | 20.3 | 20 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 BWG: Sum total of C3-C6 alkanals: pGV I =100µg/m3; pGV II = 1000µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): GV = 53µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): Sum total of C2-C10 n-aldehydes GV = 60ppb |
3-Methyl-1-butanal (Isovaleraldehyde) | 590-86-3 | 360 | <1 | <3 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 |
|
n-Hexanal (Capronaldehyde) | 66-25-1 | 3725 | 11.0 | 55.0 | 55 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 BWG: pGV I = 20µg/m3 BWG: Sum total of C3-C6 alkanals: pGV I =100µg/m3; pGV II = 1000µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): GV = 61µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): Sum total of C2-C10 n-aldehydes GV = 60ppb |
2-Ethylhexaldehyde | 123-05-7 | 2313 | <1 | <2 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 |
|
n-Heptanal (Heptanal) | 111-71-7 | 3632 | 2.0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): GV = 70µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): Sum total of C2-C10 n-aldehydes GV = 60ppb |
n-Octanal (Caprylic aldehyde) | 124-13-0 | 3630 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): GV = 79µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): Sum total of C2-C10 n-aldehydes GV = 60ppb |
n-Nonanal (Pelargonic aldehyde) | 124-19-6 | 3637 | 6.0 | 19.0 | 19 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): GV = 87µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): Sum total of C2-C10 n-aldehydes GV = 60ppb |
n-Decanal (Caprinic aldehyde) | 112-31-2 | 3622 | 2.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): GV = 96µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (b): Sum total of C2-C10 n-aldehydes GV = 60ppb |
Undecanal | 112-44-7 | 2013 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ad-hoc-AG: Sum total of
saturated acyclic aliphatic alkanals C4-C11: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 |
n-Dodecanal (Lauryl aldehyde) | 112-54-9 | 1139 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Benzaldehyde | 100-52-7 | 3684 | 4.0 | 15.0 | 15 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I = 0.02mg/m3; GV II = 0.2mg/m3 |
4-Methylbenzaldehyde | 104-87-0 | 505 | <1 | <1.3 | ||
Cuminaldehyde | 122-03-2 | 978 | <1 | <1 | ||
Methacrolein (Methacrylic aldehyde) | 78-85-3 | 601 | <1 | <3 | ||
2-Butenal (Crotonic aldehyde) | 4170-30-3 | 1313 | <1 | <2 | ||
trans-2-Pentenal | 1576-87-0 | 693 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Hexenal | 505-57-7 | 693 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Heptenal | 2463-63-0 | 702 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Octenal | 2363-89-5 | 693 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Nonenal | 2463-53-8 | 694 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
2-Decenal | 3913-71-1 | 693 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Undecenal | 2463-77-6 | 693 | <1 | <1 | ||
Acrolein | 107-02-8 | 774 | <5 | <5 | ||
Glutaral | 111-30-8 | 761 | <1 | <3 | ||
2-Furaldehyde (Furfural) | 98-01-1 | 1611 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I = 0.01mg/m3; GV II = 0.1mg/m3 |
5-Methyl-2-furfural | 620-02-0 | 288 | <1 | <4 |
Ketones | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetone | 67-64-1 | 606 | 42.0 | 161.0 | 161 | |
2-Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone MEK) | 78-93-3 | 3740 | 4.1 | 33.4 | 33 | |
Methyl propyl ketone | 107-87-9 | 250 | <2 | <3 | ||
2-Hexanone (Methyl butyl ketone MBK) | 591-78-6 | 1892 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
3-Methyl-2-butanone (Methyl isopropyl ketone MIPK) | 563-80-4 | 865 | <1 | <3 | ||
4-Methyl-2-pentanon (Methylisobutylketon MIBK) | 108-10-1 | 3642 | <1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 1mg/m3 |
Diisobutyl ketone | 108-83-8 | 1681 | <1 | <2 | ||
2-Heptanone (Methyl pentyl ketone) | 110-43-0 | 1957 | <1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
3-Heptanone (Ethyl-n-butyl ketone) | 106-35-4 | 2411 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
3-Octanone (Ethyl pentyl ketone) | 106-68-3 | 851 | <0.5 | <0.5 | ||
2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone (Diisopropyl ketone) | 565-80-0 | 643 | <1.5 | <1.5 | ||
Cyclopentanone | 120-92-3 | 621 | <1 | <1 | ||
Cyclohexanone | 108-94-1 | 3697 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
2-Methylcyclopentanone | 1120-72-5 | 618 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Methylcyclohexanone | 583-60-8 | 617 | <1 | <1 | ||
3,3,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (Isophorone) | 78-59-1 | 239 | <1 | <2 | ||
Acetophenone (Methyl phenyl ketone) | 98-86-2 | 3409 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |
Benzophenone | 119-61-9 | 1032 | <1 | <1 | ||
Hydroxyaceton (Acetone alcohol or acetol) | 116-09-6 | 617 | <1 | <1 |
Esters of Monohydric and Dihydric Alcohols | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Formic acid, butyl ester (n-Butyl formate) | 592-84-7 | 2847 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Methyl acetate | 79-20-9 | 2029 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |
Ethyl acetate | 141-78-6 | 3636 | 3.0 | 22.9 | 23 | |
Vinyl acetate | 108-05-4 | 1008 | <1 | <1 | ||
n-Propyl acetate | 109-60-4 | 2466 | <1 | <2 | ||
Isopropyl acetate | 108-21-4 | 2474 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
n-Butyl acetate | 123-86-4 | 3596 | 2,0 | 26.6 | 27 | |
Isobutyl acetate | 110-19-0 | 3613 | <1 | <2 | ||
n-Amyl acetate | 628-63-7 | 1616 | <1 | <2 | ||
Isoamyl acetate | 123-92-2 | 639 | <2 | <2 | ||
1-Butanol, 3-methoxy-, 1-acetate (3-Methoxybutyl acetate or Butoxyl) | 4435-53-4 | 1775 | <1 | <1 | ||
n-Hexyl acetate | 142-92-7 | 976 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Ethylhexyl acetate | 103-09-3 | 619 | <1 | <1 | ||
Isopropyl myristate | 110-27-0 | 887 | <1 | <1 | ||
4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl acetate | 32210-23-4 | 966 | <1 | <1 | ||
Benzoic acid, methyl ester (Methyl benzoate) | 93-58-3 | 1224 | <1 | <1 | ||
Acrylic acid, methyl ester (Methyl acrylate) | 96-33-3 | 1807 | <1 | <1 | ||
Acrylic acid, ethyl ester (Ethyl acrylate) | 140-88-5 | 1752 | <1 | <1 | ||
Acrylic acid, butyl ester (n-Butyl acrylate) | 141-32-2 | 1807 | <1 | <1 | ||
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate | 103-11-7 | 806 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate | 13048-33-4 | 1587 | <1 | <1 | ||
Methacrylic acid, methyl ester (Methyl methacrylate) | 80-62-6 | 3619 | <1 | <1.5 | BWG: pGV I = 100µg/m3;
pGV II = 1000µg/m3 |
|
N-Butyl methacrylate | 97-88-1 | 621 | <1 | <1 | ||
Bornyl acetate | 76-49-3 | 1712 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
Butyl glycolate | 7397-62-8 | 615 | <1 | <1 | ||
Ethylenglykole mono methyl ether acetate (EGMEA, 2-Methoxyethanol acetate) | 110-49-6 | 3474 | <1 | <1.5 | Ad-hoc-AG:
„Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
|
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (EGEEA, 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate) | 111-15-9 | 3519 | <1 | <2 | Ad-hoc-AG:
GV I = 0.2mg/m3; GV II = 2mg/m3 |
|
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA, 2-Butoxyethyl acetate) | 112-07-2 | 3565 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG:
pGV I = 0.2mg/m3; pGV II = 2mg/m3 |
|
Diethylene glycol diacetate | 628-68-2 | 975 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG:
„Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
|
Propylene glycol diacetate | 623-84-7 | 618 | <1 | <1 | ||
Propylene glycol mono methyl ether acetate (PGMEA, 1-Methoxy-2-propanol acetate) | 108-65-6 | 3472 | 1.0 | 7.8 | 7.8 | |
Ethoxypropyl acetate | 98516-30-4 | 1721 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
Propanol, (2-methoxymethylethoxy)-, acetate (Propanol, 1(or 2)-(2-methoxymethylethoxy)-, acetate) | 88917-22-0 | 2267 | <1 | <1.5 | Ad-hoc-AG:
„Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
|
Diethyleneglycol monobutyl ether acetate (Butyl carbitol acetate) | 124-17-4 | 3509 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate | 763-69-9 | 644 | <2 | <2 | ||
2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) | 6846-50-0 | 2921 | <1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | BWG: pGV II = 1000µg/m3 |
Texanol | 25265-77-4 | 3535 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
Dimethyl succinatet | 106-65-0 | 2582 | <1 | <3 | ||
Dimethyl glutarate | 1119-40-0 | 2582 | <1 | <2.5 | ||
Dimethyl adipate (Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester) | 627-93-0 | 2584 | <1 | <2 | ||
Diisobutyl succinate | 925-06-4 | 855 | <2 | <2 | ||
Diisobutyl glutarate | 71195-64-7 | 898 | <2 | <2 | ||
Diisobutyl adipate | 141-04-8 | 1606 | <1 | <2 | ||
Dibutyl maleate | 105-76-0 | 2840 | <1 | <2 | ||
Diisobutyl maleate | 14234-82-3 | 628 | <1 | <1 | ||
Dibutyl fumarate | 105-75-9 | 615 | <1 | <1 | ||
Dimethyl phthalate | 131-11-3 | 3422 | <1 | <2 | ||
Diethyl Phthalate | 84-66-2 | 2198 | <1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
Dibutyl phthalate | 84-74-2 | 2180 | <2 | <7 | ||
Diisobutyl phthalate | 84-69-5 | 2186 | <2 | <7 | B.A.U.CH. (c): 2.8µg/m3 | |
1,3-Dioxolan-2-one | 96-49-1 | 619 | <1 | <1 | ||
Diethyl carbonate | 105-58-8 | 963 | <1 | <1 |
Polyhydric Alcohols and Their Ethers (Glycols and Ethers) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethylene glycol | 107-21-1 | 2745 | <1 | <6 | ||
Propylene glycol (1,2-Propylene glycol) | 57-55-6 | 3562 | 2,0 | 14.4 | 14 | |
1,4-Butanediol | 110-63-4 | 618 | <1 | <1 | ||
Hexylene glycol | 107-41-5 | 1244 | <5 | <5 | ||
Diethylene glycol | 111-46-6 | 1759 | <5 | <10 | ||
Dipropylene glycol | 25265-71-8 | 729 | <1 | <5 | ||
Tripropylene glycol | 24800-44-0 | 1224 | <1 | <3 | ||
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-Methoxyethanol, Methyl cellosolve) | 109-86-4 | 3486 | <3 | <5 | B.A.U.CH. (a): GV = 30µg/m3
B.A.U.CH. (a): Summary assessment of different glycol derivatives Ad-hoc-AG: GV I = 0.02mg/m3; GV II = 0.2mg/m3 |
|
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (2-Ethoxyethanol) | 110-80-5 | 3531 | <1 | <2,5 | B.A.U.CH. (a): RW = 90µg/m3
B.A.U.CH. (a): Summary assessment of different glycol derivatives Ad-hoc-AG: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; GV II = 1mg/m3 |
|
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (n-Butoxyethanol) | 111-76-2 | 3550 | 1.9 | 13.4 | 13 | B.A.U.CH. (a): RW =
120µg/m3 B.A.U.CH. (a): Summary assessment of different glycol derivatives Ad-hoc-AG: GV I = 0.1mg/m3; v II = 1mg/m3 |
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether (2-Phenoxyethanol) | 122-99-6 | 3547 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | B.A.U.CH. (d):
RW = 300µg/m3 (Toxizität), RW = 100µg/m3 (Geruch) Ad-hoc-AG: „Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol, Methoxydiglycol) | 111-77-3 | 2900 | <5 | <5 | Ad-hoc-AG:
(p)GV I = 2mg/m3 ; (p)GV II = 6mg/m3 |
|
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, Ethoxydiglycol) | 111-90-0 | 3361 | <1 | <7 | Ad-hoc-AG:
(p)GV I = 0.7mg/m3 ; (p)GV II = 2mg/m3 |
|
Diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol, Butyl diglycol) | 112-34-5 | 3540 | <2 | 8.0 | 8.0 | Ad-hoc-AG:
(p)GV I = 0.4mg/m3 ; (p)GV II = 1mg/m3 |
1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane (PGME, 1-Methoxy-2-propanol) | 107-98-2 | 3548 | 2.0 | 14.0 | 14 | Ad-hoc-AG:
(p)GV I = 1mg/m3 ; (pv)GV II = 10mg/m3 |
3-Methoxybutanol | 2517-43-3 | 826 | <1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
1-Ethoxy-2-propanol | 1569-02-4 | 1715 | <2 | <2 | Ad-hoc-AG:
(p)GV I = 0.3mg/m3 ; (p)GV II = 3mg/m3 |
|
1-Propoxy-2-propanol | 1569-01-3 | 749 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG:
„Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
|
1-Butoxy-2-propanol (1,2-Propylene glycol monobutyl ether) | 5131-66-8 | 2904 | <1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol (Propylene phenoxetol) | 770-35-4 | 2009 | <1 | <2 | ||
Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether | 34590-94-8 | 2871 | <1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | Ad-hoc-AG:
(p)GV I = 3mg/m3 ; (p)GV II = 7mg/m3 |
Dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether (2-Propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-) | 29911-28-2 | 3526 | <1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | Ad-hoc-AG:
„Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether (Propanol, (2-(2-butoxymethylethoxy) methylethoxy)-) | 55934-93-5 | 2900 | <1 | <4 | ||
Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) (1,2-Dimethoxyethane) | 110-71-4 | 1679 | <1 | <1 | ||
Ethylene glycol diethyl ether | 629-14-1 | 1636 | <1 | <1 | ||
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether | 111-96-6 | 1693 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG:
(p)GV I = 0.03mg/m3 ; (p)GV II = 0.33mg/m3 |
|
Dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether (2-Propanol, 1-(1-methyl-2-propoxyethoxy) or 1-(1-Methyl-2-propoxyethoxy)propan-2-ol) | 29911-27-1 | 1295 | <2 | <2 | Ad-hoc-AG:
„Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
|
Dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether | 111109-77-4 | 1098 | <1.5 | <1.5 | ||
Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether | 143-22-6 | 1118 | <1 | <1 | ||
Diethylene glycol diethyl ether | 112-36-7 | 1076 | <1 | <1 | ||
Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether | 112-73-2 | 1614 | <1 | <2.5 | ||
Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (Triglyme) | 112-49-2 | 1255 | <2 | <2 | Ad-hoc-AG:
„Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
|
Diethylene glycol hexyl ether | 112-59-4 | 1591 | <1 | <1 | ||
Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether (2-Hexoxyethanol) | 112-25-4 | 1592 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG:
(p)GV I = 0.1mg/m3 ; (p)GV II = 1mg/m3 |
|
Dipropylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether | 132739-31-2 | 615 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG:
„Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
|
Tripropyleneglycol monomethyl ether | 20324-33-8 | 615 | <1 | <1 | ||
1,2-Dimethoxypropane | 7778-85-0 | 619 | <1 | <1 | ||
2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol | 126-86-3 | 1105 | <1 | <1 | ||
Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether (2-Propoxyethanol) | 2807-30-9 | 618 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG:
„Default”-GV I = 0.005ml/m3; „Default”-GV II = 0.05ml/m3 |
|
Isopropoxyethanol | 109-59-1 | 615 | <1 | <1 |
Siloxanes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hexamethyldisiloxane | 107-46-0 | 974 | <1 | <1 | ||
Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane | 541-05-9 | 2682 | 2.5 | 16.0 | 16 | Ad-hoc-AG: Total sum of cyclic
dimethylsiloxanes D3 – D6 0.4mg/m3 ; GV II = 4mg/m3 |
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane | 556-67-2 | 3610 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | |
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane | 541-02-6 | 3168 | 3.0 | 22.0 | 22 | |
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane | 540-97-6 | 816 | <3 | 10.8 | 11 |
Alkanoic Acids | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetic acid | 64-19-7 | 1863 | 24.0 | 87.8 | 88 | |
Propionic acid | 79-09-4 | 1709 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | |
2-Methylpropanoic acid | 79-31-2 | 1706 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Butyric acid | 107-92-6 | 1890 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
Pentanoic acid | 109-52-4 | 1702 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
2,2-Dimethylpropanoic acid | 75-98-9 | 1692 | <1 | <1 | ||
Caproic acid | 142-62-1 | 1890 | <1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
Heptanoic acid | 111-14-8 | 1703 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
2-Ethylhexanoic acid | 149-57-5 | 1717 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Octanoic acid | 124-07-2 | 1885 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Others | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dibutyl ether | 142-96-1 | 1603 | <1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) | 1634-04-4 | 1797 | <2 | <2 | ||
Dicaprylyl ether | 629-82-3 | 1620 | <1 | <1.5 | ||
2-Methylfuran | 534-22-5 | 1682 | <1 | <1.3 | ||
3-Methylfuran | 930-27-8 | 872 | <1 | <1.3 | ||
2-Pentylfuran | 3777-69-3 | 1472 | <0,8 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) | 109-99-9 | 3353 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
gamma-Butyrolactone | 96-48-0 | 621 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
1,4-Dioxane | 123-91-1 | 2380 | <1 | <3 | ||
2-Butanone oxime | 96-29-7 | 2507 | <1 | 3.6 | 3.6 | |
Acrylonitrile | 107-13-1 | 1019 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Caprolactam | 105-60-2 | 2560 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
Methylpyrrolidone | 872-50-4 | 2870 | <1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
Hexamethylentetramine | 100-97-0 | 615 | <1 | <1 | ||
Triethylamine | 121-44-8 | 462 | <1 | <1 | ||
Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) | 26172-55-4 | 652 | <1 | <1 | ||
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) | 2682-20-4 | 504 | <1 | <1 | ||
Benzothiazole | 95-16-9 | 2328 | <1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Triethyl phosphate | 78-40-0 | 646 | <1 | <1 | ||
Tributyl phosphate | 126-73-8 | 715 | <1 | <1 | Ad-hoc-AG: Summe
GV I = 0.005mg/m3; GV II = 0.05mg/m3 |
TVOC (total volatile organic compounds) | 2505 | 360.0 | 1572.0 | 1000 [NB 6] |
Seifert: TVOC assessment
concept[NB 5] Ad-Hoc-AG: „Handout" [NB 6] |
Ad-hoc-AG:Ad-hoc Arbeitsgruppe Innenraumrichtwerte der
Innenraumlufthygiene-Kommission (UBA) and AG der Obersten Landesbehörden (AOLG)
[Ad Hoc Working Group for Indoor Guideline Values from the Indoor Air Hygiene
Commission of the Federal Environment Agency and the Indoor Air Working Group
of the State-Level Health Authorities in Germany]
In particular: Ad-hoc-Arbeitsgruppe der Innenraumlufthygiene-Kommission des Umweltbundesamtes und der AGLMB [Ad Hoc Working Group of
the Indoor Air Hygiene Commission of the Federal Environment Agency and the AGLMB] (1996): Richtwerte für die Innenraumluft:
Basisschema [Indoor air guideline values: basic scheme]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 39, p. 422-426. German
As well as Ad-hoc Arbeitsgruppe "Innenraumrichtwerte" der Innenraumlufthygiene-Kommission (IRK) des Umweltbundesamtes und
der Obersten Landesgesundheitsbehörden [Ad Hoc Working Group for Indoor Guideline Values of the Indoor Air Hygiene Commission (IRK)
of the Federal Environment Agency and the Indoor Air Working Group of the State-Level Health Authorities in Germany] (2012):
Richtwerte für die Innenraumluft: erste Fortschreibung des Basisschemas [Indoor air guideline values: first update of the basic
scheme]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 55, p. 279-290 and the publications regarding the guideline values on the home page of the Federal
Environment Agency at
http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/ad-hoc-working-group-for-indoor-air-guide-values-0
B.A.U.CH.: Beratung und Analyse – Verein für Umweltchemie [Consulting and
Analysis – Association for Environmental Chemistry]
BGA: Bundesgesundheitsamt [Federal Health Office in Germany];
(in the meantime part of it merged into the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment)
In particular: "Zur Gültigkeit des 0,1-ppm-Wertes für Formaldehyd
[On the validity of the 0.1 ppm value for formaldehyde]".
Bundesgesundheitsblatt 35 (1992) p. 482-483. German
BImSchV: Bundesimmissionsschutzverordnung [Ordinances to the Federal Immission Control Act in Germany]
In particular: 2. BImSchV (10 December 1990, last amended by Article 1 of the Ordinance from 2 May 2013): Verordnung zur
Emissionsbegrenzung von leichtflüchtigen halogenierten organischen Verbindungen [Ordinance limiting emissions of volatile
halogenated organic compounds] German
In particular: 39. BImSchV (2010): Verordnung über Luftqualitätsstandards und Emissionshöchstmengen [Ordinance on air quality
standards and emission ceilings] German
BMLFUW: Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft [Federal Ministry for Agriculture,
Forestry, Environment and Water Management in Austria]
In particular: Indoor Air Working Group at the BMLFUW and the Austrian Academy of Sciences Refer to the link:
http://www.innenraumanalytik.at/
BUI: Bremer Umweltinstitut [Bremen Environmental Institute]
In particular: ZORN, C.; KÖHLER, M.; WEIS; N.; SCHARENBERG, W (2005): Proposal for assessment of indoor air polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH). 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. Beijing, China
See also www.bremer-umweltinstitut.de
BWG = Hamburger Behörde für Soziales, Familie, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, früher Hamburger Behörde Umwelt und Gesundheit
bzw. Gesundheit und Soziales [Hamburg Office for Social Affairs, Family, Health and Consumer Protection, formerly Hamburg Office
for Science and Health or Health and Social Affairs, respectively]
In particular: VOC-Tabelle 1:
http://www.hamburg.de/contentblob/122306/data/voc-tab1.pdf and
VOC-Tabelle 2:
http://www.hamburg.de/contentblob/122308/data/voc-tab2.pdf.
GV = guidelines value[in German documents: RW = Richtwert]
pGV = provisional guideline value[in German documents: vRW = vorläufiger Richtwert]
WHO: World Health Organization
In particular: WHO air quality guidelines for Europe, second edition, 2000
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/74732/E71922.pdf
WHO-Leitlinien zur Raumluftqualität: Ausgewählte Schadstoffe (2010) [WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected
pollutants]
http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/who-guidelines-for-indoor-air-quality-selected-pollutants
WIR = Wirkungsbezogene Innenraumrichtwerte [effect-based indoor guideline values]
[NB 1]: An exposure to naphthalene can indicate the presence of a more complex
exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is recommended to check for the
latter and to adjust the assessment accordingly.
[NB 2]: To a great degree, formaldehyde concentrations are dependent on the
climatic conditions of a given space or emission source, respectively. When
formaldehyde concentrations of 60 µg/m³ are exceeded at climatic conditions that
are associated with a low rate of emissions from materials, we know from experience
that, when the emission sources stay the same but the climatic conditions change,
this can result in exposures within the range of WHO or BGA guideline values
(e.g. winter/summer effects). This fact can be accounted for by a test value that
is meant to encourage retesting formaldehyde exposures at other climatic conditions
where applicable.
[NB 3]: Sagunski H (2006): Formaldehyd, eine Innenraum-Geschichte [Formaldehyde, an indoor air history]. In: Bayerisches Landesamt
für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit Ed. by Materialien zur Umwelt¬medizin. Aktuelle umweltmedizinische Probleme in Innenräumen,
Part. 1 Vol. 13. p. 60-70 German
[NB 4] In a recent statement, the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment
confirmed that formaldehyde is considered carcinogenic when inhaled. However, the
effect is said to be dependent on the concentration and in this assessment the
currently valid guideline value of 0.1 ppm (124 µg/m³) is reconfirmed, at which
virtually no carcinogenic effect is to be expected.
Ad-hoc-AG: Krebserzeugende Wirkung von Formaldehyd – Änderung des Richtwertes für die Innenraumluft von 0,1 ppm nicht erforderlich
[Carcinogenic effect of formaldehyde—Changing the threshold level of 0.1 ppm for indoor air not necessary]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt
11 p.1169 Available at:
http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/pdfs/Formaldehyd.pdf German
[NB 5]: The Indoor Air Hygiene Commission of the Federal Environment Agency in Germany (IRK) suggests that in indoor spaces, where
humans are intended to spend longer periods of time, the TVOC value between one and three milligrams per cubic meter should not be
exceeded in the long term; also see: Seifert, Bernd (1999): Richtwerte für die Innenraumluft. Die Beurteilung der
Innenraumluftqualität mit Hilfe der Summe der flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (TVOC-Wert) [Indoor air guideline values: indoor
air quality assessment by means of the sum total of volatile organic compounds (TVOC value)]. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt -
Gesundheitsforschung- Gesundheitsschutz, vol. 42, p. 270–278. German
[NB 6]: Ad-hoc-AG: Beurteilung von Innenraumluftkontaminationen mittels Referenz- und Richtwerten [Ad-hoc-AG: Assessment of indoor
air contaminations through reference and guideline values]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 7 p. 990-1004 (2007) German
© AGÖF Stand: 28.11.2013